Assessing the Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Delivering Mental Health Support: A Qualitative Study

——原载《多学科医疗保健杂志》2024年第17卷——

<Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare> Volume 17, 2024

【摘要】背景：人工智能 (AI) 应用因其在有效改善医疗保健运营和疾病管理方面的潜力而受到广泛研究。然而，研究趋势表明，这些应用也对服务提供产生了重大的负面影响。目的：评估ChatGPT在心理健康支持中的应用。方法：由于ChatGPT技术的新颖性和不熟悉性，本研究选择了准实验设计。样本包括一家公立医院的门诊病人。进行了为期两周的实验，随后进行了半结构化访谈，参与者使用ChatGPT进行心理健康支持。对24名患有心理健康疾病的人进行了半结构化访谈。结果：八个积极因素（心理教育、情感支持、目标设定和激励、转诊和资源信息、自我评估和监测、认知行为疗法、危机干预和心理治疗练习）和四个消极因素（道德和法律考虑、准确性和可靠性、有限的评估能力以及文化和语言考虑）与使用ChatGPT进行心理健康支持有关。结论：重要的是要仔细考虑道德、可靠性、准确性和法律挑战，并制定适当的策略来减轻这些挑战，以确保在心理健康支持中安全有效地使用像ChatGPT这样的基于人工智能的应用程序。

【关键词】ChatGPT；人工智能；精神病患者；支持；动机；焦虑

[Abstract] Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are widely researched for their potential in effectively improving the healthcare operations and disease management. However, the research trend shows that these applications also have significant negative implications on the service delivery. Purpose: To assess the use of ChatGPT for mental health support. Methods: Due to the novelty and unfamiliarity of the ChatGPT technology, a quasi-experimental design was chosen for this study. Outpatients from a public hospital were included in the sample. A two-week experiment followed by semi-structured interviews was conducted in which participants used ChatGPT for mental health support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 individuals with mental health conditions. Results: Eight positive factors (psychoeducation, emotional support, goal setting and motivation, referral and resource information, self-assessment and monitoring, cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis interventions, and psychotherapeutic exercises) and four negative factors (ethical and legal considerations, accuracy and reliability, limited assessment capabilities, and cultural and linguistic considerations) were associated with the use of ChatGPT for mental health support. Conclusion: It is important to carefully consider the ethical, reliability, accuracy, and legal challenges and develop appropriate strategies to mitigate them in order to ensure safe and effective use of AI-based applications like ChatGPT in mental health support.

[Key words] ChatGPT; artificial intelligence; mentally-ill patients; support; motivation; anxiety

论文原文：Fahad Alanezi (2024). Assessing the Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Delivering Mental Health Support: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Volume 17, Pages 461-471.

https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S447368

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