对与披露儿童性侵害相关的因素进行系统审查

A systematic review of factors associated with disclosure of child sexual abuse

——原载《侵害和忽视儿童》，第147卷，2024年1月——

<Child Abuse & Neglect>, Volume 147, January 2024

【摘要】背景与目的：披露CSA（Child sexual abuse，儿童性侵害）是受害者获得支持和保护的关键，但目前对哪些因素发挥关键作用的了解仍然有限。本综述旨在了解一系列可能促进或阻碍CSA披露的社会生态因素。方法和结果：通过对2000年至2022年发表的27项定量研究进行系统审查，审查确定了CSA披露的17个重要预测因素。披露的促进因素包括年龄较大、女性、较高的智商、最近的侵害、侵害过程中的抵抗、神职人员的施暴者、无冒犯性的照顾者支持和文化适应。披露的障碍包括智力障碍、回避型应对、与犯罪者的浪漫关系、家庭犯罪、家庭暴力、对传统亚洲价值观的坚持以及少数民族身份。研究结果还表明，预测因素和披露之间的关系往往是混合的、矛盾的或间接/相互作用的，强调了将研究结果置于特定社会生态背景下的重要性。结论：研究结果可以通过提供对CSA披露预测因素的全面理解并强调在解释研究结果时考虑社会生态背景的重要性，为未来的研究和实践提供信息。此外，该审查为与CSA受害者合作的专业人员提供了宝贵的资源，帮助他们更好地识别可能促进或阻碍披露的因素，并允许采取量身定制的干预措施。

【关键词】儿童性侵害；披露；系统审查；社会生态预测因素

[Abstract] Background and objective: Disclosure of CSA is key to victims having access to support and protection, but the current understanding of what factors play a key role is still limited. The present review aims to understand a range of socio-ecological factors that can either facilitate or obstruct the disclosure of CSA. Methods and results: Through a systematic review of 27 quantitative studies published from 2000 to 2022, the current review identified 17 significant predictors of CSA disclosure. Facilitators of disclosure included older age, being female, higher IQ, recent abuse, resistance during abuse, clergy perpetrator, non-offending caregiver support, and acculturation. Barriers to disclosure included intellectual disability, avoidant coping, romantic relationships with the perpetrator, family criminality, domestic violence, adherence to traditional Asian values, and ethnic minority identity. The findings also suggested that the relationship between predictors and disclosure tends to be mixed, contradictory, or indirect/interactional, emphasizing the importance of situating the findings in specific social-ecological contexts. Conclusions: The findings can inform future research and practice by providing a comprehensive understanding of the predictors of CSA disclosure and highlighting the importance of considering the socio-ecological context when interpreting findings. Moreover, the review provides a valuable resource for professionals who work with victims of CSA, helping them better identify factors that may facilitate or hinder disclosure and allowing for tailored interventions.

[Key words] Child sexual abuse; Disclosure; Systematic review; Socio-ecological predictors

论文原文：Mahirah Abdul Latiff, Lue Fang, Deborah A. Goh, Li Jen Tan (2024). A systematic review of factors associated with disclosure of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 147, January 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106564

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