【摘要】睡眠依赖性记忆巩固机制涉及突触和整个网络水平上神经活动的夜间调节。现在，缺乏人体体内数据来阐明睡眠及其不同阶段是否以及如何平衡神经活动，以及这种重新校准是否有益于记忆。我们将电生理学与啮齿动物体内双光子钙成像以及人类颅内和头皮脑电图 (EEG) 相结合，揭示快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠期间非振荡大脑活动在介导睡眠依赖性重新校准中神经群体动力学的关键作用。这种快速眼动睡眠重新校准的程度预示着夜间记忆巩固的成功，特别是海马新皮质活动的调节，有利于记忆而不是遗忘。研究结果描述了人类快速眼动睡眠如何调节神经群活动以增强长期记忆的非振荡机制。

[Abstract] The proposed mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation involve the overnight regulation of neural activity at both synaptic and whole-network levels. Now, there is a lack of in vivo data in humans elucidating if, and how, sleep and its varied stages balance neural activity, and if such recalibration benefits memory. We combined electrophysiology with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in rodents as well as intracranial and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in humans to reveal a key role for non-oscillatory brain activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to mediate sleep-dependent recalibration of neural population dynamics. The extent of this REM sleep recalibration predicted the success of overnight memory consolidation, expressly the modulation of hippocampal—neocortical activity, favoring remembering rather than forgetting. The findings describe a non-oscillatory mechanism how human REM sleep modulates neural population activity to enhance long-term memory.

论文原文：Janna D. Lendner, Niels Niethard, Bryce A. Mander, Frank J. Van Schalkwijk, et al. (2023). Human REM sleep recalibrates neural activity in support of memory formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES. Vol 9, Issue 34. August 25, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj1895

（需要英文全文的朋友，请联系微信：millerdeng95）