【摘要】疫情期间，美国民众的整体心理健康状况有所下降。鉴于有色人种社区的COVID-19感染率和死亡率较高，以及更大程度地暴露于与大流行相关的压力源（例如失业、粮食不安全），我们预计大流行期间黑人的心理健康状况下降更为明显， 西班牙裔和亚裔成年人获得心理健康服务的机会也较少。我们研究了两项具有全国代表性的美国调查：2019年全国家庭访谈调查（NHIS；N = 30,368）和2020-2021年家庭脉搏调查（HPS；N = 1,677,238）。我们发现，在大流行期间，黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔受访者的心理健康状况相对于白人受访者而言更为恶化，与白人相比，少数族裔的抑郁和焦虑显著增加。还有证据表明，警察谋杀乔治·弗洛伊德事件给黑人成年人带来了特别高的心理健康负担，而亚特兰大六名亚裔妇女被谋杀事件给亚裔成年人带来了特别高的心理健康负担。白人受访者最有可能在大流行之前和期间接受专业的心理健康护理，而黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔受访者在大流行期间表现出比白人受访者更高程度的未满足的心理健康护理需求。我们的研究结果表明，在当前环境下，白人成年人拥有巨大的系统性优势，可以缓冲他们免受意外危机（例如COVID-19大流行）的影响。如果没有有针对性的干预措施，大流行和其他同时发生的事件（例如黑人和西班牙裔被警察杀害）的长期社会后果可能包括扩大种族/族裔群体之间的心理健康差异。

【关键词】种族主义；种族/民族；心理健康；2019冠状病毒病大流行；心理保健；健康差异

[Abstract] During the pandemic, the overall mental health of the US population declined. Given higher rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths experienced by communities of color along with greater exposure to pandemic-related stressors (e.g., unemployment, food insecurity), we expect that the decline in mental health during the pandemic was more pronounced among Black, Hispanic, and Asian adults, with these groups also having less access to mental health services. We examine two nationally representative US surveys: the 2019 National Household Interview Survey (NHIS; N = 30,368) and the 2020–2021 Household Pulse Survey (HPS; N = 1,677,238). We find mental health of Black, Hispanic, and Asian respondents worsened relative to White respondents during the pandemic, with significant increases in depression and anxiety among racialized minorities compared to Whites. There is also evidence of especially high mental health burden for Black adults around the murder of George Floyd by police and for Asian adults around the murder of six Asian women in Atlanta. White respondents are most likely to receive professional mental health care before and during the pandemic, and Black, Hispanic, and Asian respondents demonstrate higher levels of unmet mental health care needs during the pandemic than White respondents. Our results indicate that within the current environment, White adults are at a large and systemic advantage buffering them from unexpected crises—like the COVID-19 pandemic. Without targeted interventions, the long-term social consequences of the pandemic and other co-occurring events (e.g., death of Black and Hispanic people by police) will likely include widening mental health disparities between racial/ethnic groups.

[Keyword] Racism; Race/ethnicity; Mental health; COVID-19 pandemic; Mental health care; Health disparities

论文原文：Mieke Beth Thomeer, Myles D. Moody & Jenjira Yahirun (2023). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health and Mental Health Care During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 10 (2):  961–976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01284-9

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