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谁是“真正的”受害者？受害者陷害如何塑造对性侵犯的态度 ... ...
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谁是“真正的”受害者？受害者陷害如何塑造对性侵犯的态度
Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault
——原载美国《心理科学》杂志2022年第33卷第4期——
USA <Psychological Science> 2022, 33 (4)
【摘要】被控性侵的人往往被辩护者描述为“真正的”受害者，但“受害者陷害”对舆论的影响却不得而知。我们通过四个实验 (N = 2,614) 调查了这个问题。在线的美国成年参与者阅读了一份关于涉嫌性侵犯的报告，该报告将女性原告诬陷为受害者（攻击），将男性涉嫌犯罪者诬陷为受害者（虚假指控），或者对受害人持中立态度（基线）。相对于基线条件下的参与者，攻击和指控受害者条件下的参与者通常表示更多地支持受害人陷害的主角，而较少支持另一位主角。这些影响的一致性因受害者框架实例化的频率以及报告描述的是虚构案例还是真实案例而异。然而，在所有情况下，将与受害者相关的语言确定为影响他们评估的参与者表现出强烈的框架效应。这表明社会语用推理是受害者框架塑造道德判断的关键机制。
【关键词】沟通；语言和思想；道德评价；开放数据；开放材料；预注册；社会语用推理；受害人指责；受害者陷害。
[Abstract]People accused of sexual assault are often described as the "real" victim by their defenders, but the impact of "victim framing" on public opinion is unknown. We investigated this issue across four experiments (N = 2,614). Online U.S. adult participants read a report about an alleged sexual assault that framed the female accuser as the victim (of assault), framed the male alleged perpetrator as the victim (of false accusations), or was neutral about victimhood (baseline). Relative to those in the baseline condition, participants in the assault- and allegation-victim conditions generally expressed more support for the victim-framed protagonist and less support for the other protagonist. The consistency of these effects varied with how often the victim frame was instantiated and whether the report described a fictionalized or real-world case. Across all contexts, however, participants who identified the victim-related language as influencing their evaluations exhibited strong framing effects. This suggests that social-pragmatic reasoning is a key mechanism by which victim framing shapes moral judgments.
[Key words] communication; language and thought; moral evaluation; open data; open materials; preregistered; social-pragmatic reasoning; victim blaming; victim framing.
本中文解析是针对论文《谁是“真正的”受害者？受害者陷害如何塑造对性侵犯的态度》（Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault）的一篇论文解析，该论文于2022年4月发表于美国《心理科学》（Psychological Science）杂志第33卷第4期。研究者包括纽约州立大学帕切斯分校心理学系的Stephen J. Flusberg, 科罗拉多学院心理学系的James van der Vord和Sarah Q. Husney，以及里德学院心理学系的Kevin J. Holmes。
（中文解析请阅《华人性健康报》2022年12月22日PDF版，请联系微信：millerdeng95）
论文原文：Stephen J. Flusberg, James van der Vord, Sarah Q. Husney, Kevin J. Holmes. (2022). Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault. Psychological Science, Volume 33, Issue 4. 524-537. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976211045935
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