哪些书籍可以教幼儿有关性别的知识？

What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender?

——原载美国《心理科学》杂志2022年第33卷第1期——

<Psychological Science> 33 (1)

【摘要】我们使用一个包含247部流行的当代幼儿书籍的200,000字的小说资料库，调查了儿童书籍中性别是如何表现的。使用成人人类判断和单词共现数据，我们量化了单本书籍和整个资料库中单词的性别偏见。我们发现儿童读物中包含许多成人判断为性别的词语。基于共现数据的语义分析产生了与性别刻板印象相关的词汇（例如，女性：情绪；男性：工具）。共现数据还表明，许多书籍实例化了其他研究中确定的性别刻板印象（例如，女孩更擅长阅读，男孩更擅长数学）。最后，我们使用大规模数据估计了单本书籍的受众性别分布，我们发现儿童更容易受到对自己性别的刻板印象。总之，数据表明儿童读物可能是性别联想和刻板印象的早期来源。

【关键词】 阅读、性别、语言发展

[Abstract] We investigated how gender is represented in children’s books using a novel 200,000-word corpus comprising 247 popular, contemporary books for young children. Using adult human judgments and word co-occurrence data, we quantified gender biases of words in individual books and in the whole corpus. We found that children’s books contain many words that adults judge as gendered. Semantic analyses based on co-occurrence data yielded word clusters related to gender stereotypes (e.g., feminine: emotions; masculine: tools). Co-occurrence data also indicated that many books instantiate gender stereotypes identified in other research (e.g., girls are better at reading, and boys are better at math). Finally, we used large-scale data to estimate the gender distribution of the audience for individual books, and we found that children are more often exposed to stereotypes for their own gender. Together, the data suggest that children’s books may be an early source of gender associations and stereotypes.

[Key words] reading, gender, language development

论文原文：Molly Lewis, Matt Cooper Borkenhagen, Ellen Converse, Gary Lupyan, Mark S. Seidenberg(2022). What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender? Psychological Science. 33 (1): 33-47.

https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976211024643