吸烟和饮酒的亲子传递机制与多基因风险分数：遗传教养效应的证据

Mechanisms of parent–child transmission of tobacco and alcohol use with polygenic risk scores: Evidence for a genetic nurture effect

——原载《发展心理学》杂志2021年第57卷第5期——

<Developmental Psychology>, 2021, 57（5）

【摘要】亲子相似性是遗传和环境传播的函数。此外，未传递给后代的遗传效应可能会驱动父母的行为，从而影响孩子的抚养环境。通过多基因风险评分 (PRS) 直接测量遗传倾向，提供了一种测试非遗传性亲本基因型对后代结果的影响的方法，称为遗传培育效应——换句话说，父母基因组是否以及如何影响他们的孩子环境。目前的研究使用多基因风险评分来预测吸烟开始、每天吸烟和每周饮酒的多基因风险评分，以预测来自明尼苏达双胞胎和家庭中心的 3,008 名双胞胎样本及其父母的物质使用情况，这些样本的年龄在 17-29 岁之间研究。混合效应模型用于测试遗传培育效应，即在对后代自身的 PRS 进行统计调整后，父母的 PRS 预测后代的烟草和酒精使用情况。父母开始吸烟 PRS 可预测后代在 24 岁时每天吸烟 (β = .103, 95% CI [.03, .17]) 和在 17 岁时饮酒 (β = .091,95% CI [.04, .14] ]) 独立于共享遗传。父母 PRS 与后代 17 岁时吸烟之间也存在暗示性的独立关联（β = .096；95% CI [.02, .17]）。中介分析为父母吸烟、饮酒和家庭社会经济地位对环境的影响提供了一些证据。这些发现，以及更广泛地使用的分子遗传学方法，对确定环境对物质使用等发展结果的影响有影响。

[Abstract] Parent-child similarity is a function of genetic and environmental transmission. In addition, genetic effects not transmitted to offspring may drive parental behavior, thereby affecting the rearing environment of the child. Measuring genetic proclivity directly, through polygenic risk scores (PRSs), provides a way to test for the effect of nontransmitted parental genotype, on offspring outcome, termed a genetic nurture effect-in other words, if and how parental genomes might affect their children through the environment. The current study used polygenic risk scores for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and drinks per week to predict substance use in a sample of 3,008 twins, assessed prospectively from age 17-29, and their parents, from the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research. Mixed-effects models were used to test for a genetic nurture effect whereby parental PRSs predict offspring tobacco and alcohol use after statistically adjusting for offspring's own PRS. Parental smoking initiation PRS predicted offspring cigarettes per day at age 24 (β = .103, 95% CI [.03,.17]) and alcohol use at age 17 (β = .091, 95% CI [.04, .14]) independent of shared genetics. There was also a suggestive independent association between the parent PRS and offspring smoking at age 17 (β = .096; 95% CI [.02, .17]). Mediation analyses provided some evidence for environmental effects of parental smoking, alcohol use, and family socioeconomic status. These findings, and more broadly the molecular genetic method used, have implications on the identification of environmental effects on developmental outcomes such as substance use.

这篇中文解析是针对论文《吸烟和饮酒的亲子传递机制与多基因风险分数：遗传教养效应的证据（Mechanisms of parent–child transmission of tobacco and alcohol use with polygenic risk scores: Evidence for a genetic nurture effect）》的一篇论文解析，该论文于2021年5月发表于《发展心理学》（Developmental Psychology）第57卷第5期上，研究者包括美国明尼苏达大学心理学系的Gretchen R. B. Saunders, Mengzhen Liu, Scott Vrieze, Matt McGue, William G. Iacono。

  (中文解析见《华人心理健康报》2021年11月21日PDF版)

论文原文：Saunders, G. R., Liu, M.,Vrieze, S., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2021). Mechanisms of parent–child transmission of tobacco and alcohol use with polygenic risk scores: Evidence for a genetic nurture effect. Developmental Psychology, 57(5), 796-804. doi:10.1037/dev0001028