性别平等差距：对基于股权的奖励中工作内部不平等的多研究调查

The gender equity gap: A multistudy investigation of within-job inequality in equity-based awards

——原载美国《应用心理学杂志》2021年第106卷第5期——

<Journal of Applied Psychology>, 2021, 106(5)

【摘要】许多国家的法律规定，从事类似工作的男性和女性应获得同等报酬。这些法律加上组织上的大量努力，使得一些学者认为，工作内部的薪酬不平等不再是性别薪酬差距的来源。研究者认为，在已有研究中被忽视的一种广泛使用的薪酬形式-基于股权的奖励（即价值与雇佣组织的股票挂钩的薪酬，如股票和股票期权）-的重要差异可能导致基于性别的工作内薪酬不平等被低估。具体来说，本文的理论是，基于股权的奖励与其他形式的薪酬相比，在分配给员工的原因和方式上都存在差异，因此基于股权的奖励会存在性别差距，而对留任员工的有偏看法会加剧这一差距。通过对两个技术机构的新数据、上市公司的档案数据和实验数据进行多方法研究，研究者发现本文的假设得到了一致的支持。综合来看，本文的研究结果表明，使用基于股权的奖励作为留住员工的手段，以及与分配这种薪酬相关的理由和过程，会导致基于性别的工作内不平等。因此，本研究揭示了以前被忽视的工作场所中的基于股权奖励的不平等形式，同时为理论和实践提供了启示。

[Abstract] Laws in many countries mandate paying men and women equally when in similar jobs. Such laws, coupled with considerable organizational efforts, lead some scholars to contend that within-job pay inequality is no longer a source of the gender pay gap. We argue important differences in a widely used form of pay heretofore overlooked in existing studies—equity-based awards (i.e., pay where the value is tied to the employing organization’s stock, such as stock and stock options)—may cause underestimation of gender-based within-job pay inequality. Specifically, we theorize that because of differences in both why and how equity-based awards are distributed to employees compared to other forms of pay, a gender gap will exist in equity-based awards, with biased perceptions of retention driving the gap. Using a multimethod study with novel data from two technology organizations, archival data from publicly traded firms, and experimental data, we find consistent support for our hypotheses. Taken together, our results suggest that using equity-based awards as a means to retain employees, and the rationale and processes associated with distributing such pay, can result in gender-based within-job inequality. Thus, our study sheds light on a previously overlooked form of inequality in the workplace while offering implications for both theory and practice.

论文原文：Klein, F. B., Hill, A. D., Hammond, R., & Stice-Lusvardi, R. (2021). The gender equity gap: A multistudy investigation of within-job inequality in equity-based awards. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(5), 734-753. 

DOI:10.1037/apl0000809