性少数青少年出柜压力和抑郁症状的变化

Changes in Disclosure Stress and Depression Symptoms in a Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth

——原载美国《发展心理学》杂志2021年第57卷第4期——

<Developmental Psychology>, 2021,57 (4)

【摘要】向他人披露性少数（如，女同性恋、男同性恋或双性恋）的身份是一个贯穿一生的过程。研究表明，披露会带来压力，而这种压力与性少数青年的心理健康状况较差有关。然而，很少有基于理论的研究来检验披露压力及其与心理健康的前瞻性关联。目前的研究利用了性身份发展的两种概念——阶段模型和里程碑模型——将与披露相关的压力变化如何与从青春期到青年期的抑郁症状相关联。数据来自15-24岁的女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋青年样本，调查时间超过3年（N=555；82%的有色人种青年；40%双性恋；63%享有免费和减价午餐；49%的女性归因于出生）。我们估计了（a）平行过程模型和（b）增长曲线模型，其中披露压力作为时变协变量，分别由性身份发展的阶段和里程碑概念化提供信息。结果表明，抑郁症状下降，而披露压力增加。在平行过程模型中，较高的基线披露压力与较高的基线水平和抑郁症状的急剧下降相关。当披露压力被建模为随时间变化的协变量时，它与更早的抑郁症状最密切相关。披露是一个发展过程，它在生命过程的早期赋予抑郁症状不同的风险，这可能会阻碍抑郁症状在年轻成年期的典型下降。支持性少数青年在整个青春期公开自己的性身份可以对心理健康产生长期益处。

[Abstract]Disclosing a sexual minority (e.g., lesbian, gay, or bisexual) identity to others is an ongoing process throughout life. Research shows that disclosure is stressful, and this stress is related to poorer mental health for sexual minority youth. However, there are few theoretically grounded studies examining disclosure stress and its prospective association with mental health. The current study utilizes 2 conceptualizations of sexual identity development—stage models and milestone models—to contextualize how changes in disclosure-related stress are associated with depression symptoms from adolescence into young adulthood. Data come from a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth between ages 15–24 surveyed over 3 years (N =555; 82% youth of color; 40% bisexual; 63% free and reduced lunch; and 49%assigned female at birth). We estimated (a) parallel process models and (b)growth curve models with disclosure stress as a time-varying covariate, which were respectively informed by stage and milestone conceptualizations of sexual identity development. Results indicated that depression symptoms declined while disclosure stress increased. In the parallel process model, higher baseline disclosure stress correlated with higher baseline levels and steeper declines in depression symptoms. When disclosure stress was modeled as a time-varying covariate, it was most strongly associated with higher depression symptoms at earlier ages. Disclosure is a developmental process that confers differential risk for depression symptoms earlier in the life course, which can hinder the typical decline of depression symptoms in young adulthood. Supporting sexual minority youth when they disclose their sexual identity throughout adolescence can have long-term benefits for mental health.

这篇中文解析是针对论文《性少数青少年出柜压力和抑郁症状的变化（Changes in Disclosure Stress and Depression Symptoms in a Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth）》的一篇论文解析，该论文于2021年4月发表于美国《发展心理学》（Developmental Psychology）杂志第57卷第4期上，研究者包括美国俄亥俄州立大学的Allen B. Mallory，北亚利桑那大学的Amanda M. Pollitt，德克萨斯大学的Meg D. Bishop和Stephen T. Russell。

（中文解析见《华人性健康报《2021年11月5日PDF版）

论文原文：Mallory, A. B., Pollitt, A. M., Bishop, M. D., & Russell, S. T. (2021). Changes in disclosure stress and depression symptoms in a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 57(4), 570–583.  https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001168