主观幸福感的全局变化预测七种利他主义

Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism

——原载美国《心理科学》杂志2021年第32卷第8期——

<Psychological Science>2021, 32(8)

各种利他行为（改善他人福祉的非互惠行为）的地理普及性并非均匀分布，然而，这是否能够反映出与国家水平产出或文化价值相联系的上层概念的变化仍然未知。本研究收集了来自48到152个国家的七种利他行为的数据，发现这些行为反映了一个与国家水平主观幸福感和个人主义价值观呈正相关的潜在概念，即使我们控制了国家水平的财富、健康、教育和共享的文化历史，仍存在这一现象。与先前研究一致，本研究结果表明，主观幸福感在幸福感（财富和健康）和利他主义这两个客观测量指标之间起中介作用（n=130）。此外，根据现有数据，这一间接效应在国家的子集中（n=90）会随着个人主义价值观的增强而增强。总体而言，本研究结果揭示了，为追求个人有意义目标，当资源和文化价值观提供了主观和客观的方式时，利他主义就会增强，同时促进幸福的社会变化可能会促进利他行为。

【关键词】利他主义，亲社会行为，主观幸福感，个人主义，开放数据，开放材料

[Abstract] The geographic prevalence of various altruistic behaviors (nonreciprocal acts that improve other people’s welfare) is not uniformly distributed, but whether this reflects variation in a superordinate construct linked to national-level outcomes or cultural values is unknown. We compiled data on seven altruistic behaviors across 48 to 152 nations and found evidence that these behaviors reflect a latent construct positively associated with national-level subjective well-being (SWB) and individualist values, even when we controlled for national-level wealth, health, education, and shared cultural history. Consistent with prior work, our results showed that SWB mediated the relationship between two objective measures of well-being (wealth and health) and altruism (n=130). Moreover, these indirect effects increased as individualist values increased within the subset of countries (n=90) with available data. Together, our results indicate that altruism increases when resources and cultural values provide objective and subjective means for pursuing personally meaningful goals and that altruistic behaviors may be enhanced by societal changes that promote well-being.

[Keywords] altruism, prosocial behavior, subjective well-being, individualism, open data, open materials

论文原文：Rhoads, S. A., Gunter, D., Ryan, R. M., & Marsh, A. A. (2021). Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism. Psychological Science, 32(8), 1247–1261.

 https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621994767

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