从大学到中年人格特征和主要人生目标的稳定与变化

Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals from College to Midlife

——原载美国《人格与社会心理学公报》2021年第47卷第5期——

<Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin>, 2021: 47(5)

【摘要】人格特质与人生目标等动机单位之间的关联，一直是人格科学家的兴趣所在。然而，很少有研究调查过青年期以外的特征与生活目标之间的纵向关联。在本研究 (N = 251) 中，我们检查了大五人格和主要生活目标（审美、经济、家庭/关系、享乐主义、政治、宗教、社会）的等级顺序稳定性和平均水平变化从大学（18岁）到中年（40岁），以及他们的共同发展。研究结果表明，人格特质和主要人生目标在20年中都处于中度至高度稳定状态。平均而言，随着时间的推移，大五人格的平均水平有所上升，而人生目标的平均水平有所下降。共同发展的模式表明人们制定与他们的个性特征一致的目标，相反，投资于与目标相关的环境与特征改变有关。我们根据社会投资理论和发展规制文献讨论结果。

【关键词】人格发展，目标，大五人格，成年，自我调节

[Abstract] The association between personality traits and motivational units, such as lifegoals, has been a long-standing interest of personality scientists. However, little research has investigated the longitudinal associations between traits and life goals beyond young adulthood. In the present study (N = 251), we examined the rank-order stability of, and mean-level changes in, the Big Five and major life goals (Aesthetic, Economic, Family/Relationship, Hedonistic, Political, Religious, Social) from college (age 18) to midlife (age 40), as well as their co-development. Findings showed that personality traits and major life goals were both moderately-to-highly stable over 20 years. On average, there were mean-level increases in the Big Five and mean-level decreases in life goals over time. Patterns of co-development suggest people formulate goals consistent with their personality traits, and conversely, investing in goal-relevant contexts is associated with trait change. We discuss the results in light of Social Investment Theory and the developmental regulation literature.

[Key words] personality development, goals, Big Five, adulthood, self-regulation

本文的中文解析是针对论文“从大学到中年人格特征和主要人生目标的稳定与变化”(Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals From College to Midlife)的一篇论文解析，该论文于2021年5月发表于《人格与社会心理学公报 (Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin)》第47卷第5期。该研究作者包括美国加州大学Olivia E. Atherton, Emily Grijalva, Brent W. Roberts和Richard W. Robins等4人。

（中文论文解析请阅《华人心理健康报》2021年9月16日PDF版）

论文原文：Atherton,O. E., Grijalva, E., Roberts, B. W., & Robins, R. W. (2021). Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals from College to Midlife. Personality & social psychology bulletin, 47(5), 841–858. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220949362