童年自我控制预测中年衰老的速度并为迈入老年阶段做好准备

Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age

原载《美国国家科学院院刊》2021年第118卷第3期

<PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA>(PNAS). 2021, 118(3)

【摘要】幼年控制自己的情绪、思想和行为的能力预示着晚年的一系列积极成果，包括长寿。它还可以预测人们的衰老程度吗？我们在达尼丁研究（Dunedin Study）中研究了从出生到45岁的具有人口代表性的儿童队列中自我控制与中年老龄化之间的关联。我们使用多场合/多线人策略测量了儿童在生命最初十年的自我控制能力。我们使用来自生物和生理评估、结构脑成像扫描、观察者评级、自我报告、线人报告和行政记录的措施来衡量他们在中年的衰老速度和衰老准备。作为成年人，自我控制能力较好的儿童身体衰老得更慢，大脑衰老迹象也更少。到了中年，这些孩子也能更好地应对一系列晚年的健康、经济和社会需求。与儿童自我控制的关联可以与他们的社会阶层出身和智力分开，这表明自我控制可能是健康老龄化的积极因素。儿童在成年后的自我控制水平也会自然变化，这表明自我控制可能是干预的可塑目标。此外，在考虑到童年时期的自我控制后，个体成年期的自我控制与他们的衰老结果相关，这表明中年可能提供另一个促进健康老龄化的机会之窗。

【关键词】自我控制；自律；老化;健康跨度；纵向研究

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[Abstract] The ability to control one’sown emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in early life predicts a range of positive outcomes in later life, including longevity. Does it also predict how well people age? We studied the association between self-control and midlife aging in a population-representative cohort of children followed from birth to age 45 y, the Dunedin Study. We measured children’s self-control across their first decade of life using a multi-occasion/multi-informant strategy. We measured their pace of aging and aging preparedness in midlife using measures derived from biological and physiological assessments, structural brain-imaging scans, observer ratings, self-reports, informant reports, and administrative records. As adults, children with better self-control aged more slowly in their bodies and showed fewer signs of aging in their brains. By midlife, these children were also better equipped to manage a range of later-life health, financial, and social demands. Associations with children’s self-control could be separated from their social class origins and intelligence, indicating that self-control might be an active ingredient in healthy aging. Children also shifted naturally in their level of self-control across adult life, suggesting the possibility that self-control may be a malleable target for intervention. Furthermore, individuals’ self-control in adulthood was associated with their aging outcomes after accounting for their self-control in childhood, indicating that midlife might offer another window of opportunity to promote healthy aging.

[Key words] self-control; self-regulation; aging; health span; longitudinal

本文是针对论文《童年自我控制预测中年衰老的速度并为迈入老年阶段做好准备 (Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age)》的一篇论文解析，该论文于2021年1月发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》 （PROCEEDINGS OF THENATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA）第118卷第3期上。该研究作者包括美国密歇根大学心理学系Leah S. Richmond-Rakerda, Avshalom Caspi和AntonyAmbler等23人。

     （论文解析见《华人心理健康报》2021年8月29日-PDF版）

论文原文：Richmond-Rakerd, L. S., Caspi,A., Ambler, A., d'Arbeloff, T., de Bruine, M., Elliott, M., Harrington, H.,Hogan, S., Houts, R. M., Ireland, D., Keenan, R., Knodt, A. R., Melzer, T. R.,Park, S., Poulton, R., Ramrakha, S., Rasmussen, L., Sack, E., Schmidt, A. T.,Sison, M. L., … Moffitt, T. E. (2021). Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(3), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010211118

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