与成年人相比，儿童更不倾向于认为人类优于其他动物

Children Prioritize Humans Over Animals Less Than Adults Do

【摘要】儿童的道德优先于动物的倾向是否比成人弱？ 在两项预先注册的研究（总N = 622）中，5至9岁的儿童和成人面临道德困境，将不同数量的人与不同数量的狗或猪进行对比，并被问及谁应该被拯救。 在这两项研究中，儿童比成年人更倾向于将人类置于动物之上。他们经常选择拯救多只狗而不是一个人，许多人把狗的生命看得和人的生命一样重要。尽管他们对猪的重视程度较低，但大多数人仍然优先考虑10头猪而不是一个人。 相比之下，几乎所有的成年人都选择拯救一个人而不是100只狗或猪。我们的研究结果表明，人类比动物在道德上更重要的普遍观点出现在发展后期，并且很可能是社会习得的。

【关键词】物种歧视，道德判断，发展，动物，道德圈，开放数据，开放材料，预注册

[Abstract] Is the tendency to morally prioritize humans over animals weaker in children than adults? In two preregistered studies (total N = 622), 5- to9-year-old children and adults were presented with moral dilemmas pitting varying numbers of humans against varying numbers of either dogs or pigs and were asked who should be saved. In both studies, children had a weaker tendency than adults to prioritize humans over animals. They often chose to save multiple dogs over one human, and many valued the life of a dog as much as the life of a human. Although they valued pigs less, the majority still prioritized10 pigs over one human. By contrast, almost all adults chose to save one human over even 100 dogs or pigs. Our findings suggest that the common view that humans are far more morally important than animals appears late in development and is likely socially acquired.

[Key words] speciesism, moral judgment, development, animals, moral circle, open data, open materials, preregistered

论文原文：Wilks, M., Caviola, L., Kahane, G., & Bloom,P. (2021). Children Prioritize Humans Over Animals Less Than Adults Do. Psychological science, 32(1): 27–38. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620960398