对正在发生的COVID-19危机的焦虑反应：长期暴露于压力源的经历的变化模式

Anxiety responses to the unfolding COVID-19 crisis: Patterns of change in the experience of prolonged exposure to stressors

【摘要】目前已经有大量研究通过长期(平均)或情景化的方法，来研究不利情况是如何影响焦虑的。然而，很少有人关注随着时间的推移而不断发展的情况，这抑制了理论检验，并导致关于压力源如何随时间动态评估的可能错误结论。由于压力源的新颖性、可预测性和模式是评估理论的核心组成部分，本文作者以COVID-19为背景来说明这种现象的变化模式，特别发现了总病例数的平均水平以及线性速度和非线性增长率对焦虑有影响。本文还展示了焦虑对第二天工作功能的影响。这些影响是在四个重叠波的每日日记研究中进行的，从成年人就业样本中提取的数据中进行测试。这些数据涵盖了病毒在美国的出现、指数上升以及最初的逐渐减弱（自2020年2月10日至2020年4月28日）。本文的研究结果显示，尽管COVID-19病例水平对焦虑的影响随着时间的推移而降低，但病例变化（速度和加速度）的影响随着时间的推移而增加。焦虑与第二天的工作功能（投入、表现和情绪衰竭）相关。

[Abstract] An immense amount of work has investigated how adverse situations affect anxiety using chronic(i.e., average) or episodic conceptualizations. However, less attention has been paid to circumstances that unfold continuously over time, inhibiting theoretical testing and leading to possible erroneous conclusions about how stressors are dynamically appraised across time. Because stressor novelty, predictability, and patterns are central components of appraisal theories, we use the COVID-19 crisis as a context to illustrate how variation in the phenomenon’s patterns of change (specifically, total cases [average level] but also the rate of linear [velocity] and nonlinear growth[acceleration] in cases) influence anxiety. We also show the implications of anxiety for next-day functioning at work. These effects are tested in data drawn from a sample of employed adults in a daily diary study conducted in four overlapping waves. The data span the emergence, exponential rise, and initial tapering of the virus in the United States (February 10, 2020 to April 28, 2020). Our results show that although the impact of level of COVID-19 cases on anxiety decreases over time, the effect of change in cases (velocity and acceleration) increases over time. Anxiety is then associated with next-day work functioning (engagement, performance, and emotional exhaustion).

论文原文：Fu, S. Q., Greco, L. M., Lennard, A. C., &Dimotakis, N. (2021). Anxiety responses to the unfolding COVID-19 crisis:Patterns of change in the experience of prolonged exposure to stressors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(1): 48-61. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000855