COVID-19期间的工作家庭策略：研究有小孩的双职工夫妇的性别动态

Work-family strategiesduring COVID-19: Examining gender dynamics among dual-earner couples with youngchildren 

【摘要】现今多种类型的双职工夫妇都在关注如何双重管理工作和家庭；然而，所有这些都假定夫妻可以在正常工作时间外包育儿服务，而且大部分工作是在家庭之外进行的。早期控制COVID-19的尝试改变了这些假设，随着日托所和学校的关闭，大量转向远程工作。这就产生了一个问题，即夫妻是否倾向于依靠熟悉的性别模式来管理工作和家庭，或者他们是否针对这种独特的流行病情况采取了新的策略。本文用274对有小孩的双职工夫妇的样本来回答这个问题。作者对夫妻管理育儿和工作承诺的计划的定性回答进行编码，并在潜在类分析中使用这些编码来确定子组。共确定了7个类别，其中36.6%的样本使用的是女性承担大部分或全部育儿任务的策略，18.9%的样本使用的是不明确性别或平等主义的策略，44.5%的样本使用独特的平等主义策略。作者还获得了大约7周后133对夫妇的幸福感和工作表现的数据。结果表明，“远程妻子做这一切”类别中的妇女拥有的幸福感和绩效最低。平等主义策略与结果之间的关系存在细微差别，“交替日平等主义”类别成为最能维护妻子和丈夫幸福的总体策略，同时允许双方保持适当的工作绩效。

【Abstract】There are severalexisting typologies of dual-earner couples focused on how they dually managework and family; however, these all assume that couples can outsource childcareduring normal work hours and that work is largely conducted outside of the home.Early attempts to control COVID-19 altered these assumptions withdaycares/schools closing and the heavy shift to remote work. This calls intoquestion whether couples tended to fall back on familiar gendered patterns tomanage work and family, or if they adopted new strategies for the uniquepandemic situation. We addressed this question using a sample of 274dual-earner couples with young children. We content coded couples’qualitative responses about their plans for managing childcare and workcommitments and used these codes in a latent class analysis to identifysubgroups. Seven classes were identified, with 36.6% of the sample usingstrategies where women did most or all childcare, 18.9% of the sample usingstrategies that were not clearly gendered or egalitarian, and 44.5% of thesample using unique egalitarian strategies. We also obtained data from 133 ofthese couples approximately 7 weeks later regarding their well-being and jobperformance. Results suggested that women in the Remote Wife Does It All classhad the lowest well-being and performance. There were nuanced differences betweenthe egalitarian strategies in their relationships with outcomes, with theAlternating Days egalitarian category emerging as the overall strategy thatbest preserved wives’ and husbands’ well-being whileallowing both to maintain adequate job performance.

论文原文：Shockley,K. M., Clark, M. A., Dodd, H., & King, E. B. (2021). Work-family strategiesduring COVID-19: Examining gender dynamics among dual-earner couples with youngchildren. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(1): 15-28. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000857