——大都会的小故事之3

将列奥纳多·达芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》誉为天下第一的“吸睛美女”，相信少有异议。

曾经有过一些日子，《蒙娜丽莎》竟然来到了我们纽约，在大都会博物馆隆重登场，在不到一个月的时间内，吸引了超过100万观众，第五大道罕见地排起了长龙。

这可不是网络的天方夜谭，而是纽约曾经的现实。

《蒙娜丽莎》在纽约展览的时间是1963年2月7日至3月4日，此前的一月份曾在华盛顿国家美术馆展览，除了被盗的那次，这是《蒙娜丽莎》第一次正式受邀出访。

此后，《蒙娜丽莎》还造访过日本和苏联，然后就一直锁在深闺，闭门不出。

诸位如果要看一眼这绝色美女，一定要去巴黎卢浮宫。

至于是哪一个绅士淑女，拥有那么大的面子，将天下第一吸睛美女邀请到美国，让全美国许多人民疯狂一回，神魂颠倒一回，且听下回分解。

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 版权所有，未经允许，请勿转载。 ——陈儒斌。

网络文摘1：

蒙娜丽莎之约

    我们在纽约大都会博物馆前排着队，队伍像一条长龙，大家都在静静地等着。
　　一群灰鸽飞来，在我们身边大摇大摆地散步，有的好奇地歪着头看着我们，可能正猜想我们在做什么。它们猜得到吗？大家正在等着探访那刚从巴黎飞来的世界 著名的美丽女子。听说美法两国多次交涉，她才能暂时离开巴黎的卢浮宫前来纽约。她，就是诞生于达·芬奇笔下，面带永远微笑的“蒙娜丽莎”！
　　《蒙娜丽莎》是世界上最杰出的肖像画，世界上有多少人能亲睹她的风采呢？我无论如何都不会想到，有朝一日，她能从大洋彼岸飞来与我们相约。我猜想今天来“赴约”的人一定很多，但队伍之长还是远远超出了我的想象。
　　队伍慢慢地向前移动。我慢慢地上了博物馆门前的台阶，进了大门，到了陈列《蒙娜丽莎》的房间外。队伍移动得更慢了。不知过了多久，我终于走到了陈列室门口，终于看到了她。
　　那幅画不大，大概三英尺长、两英尺宽吧，整幅画几乎只是一种棕色。我随着队伍慢慢地走近她，心中涌起一种奇异的感觉。近了，更近了，蒙娜丽莎就像真人 一样慢慢走近你。我终于跟她面对面了。她的脸颊泛着红光，一头黑发轻松地垂落双肩。她的眼神是那样柔和与明亮，嘴唇看来不像是涂抹的色彩，而是真的血肉。 仔细看她的颈项，你会怀疑血液真的在里面流动。
　　蒙娜丽莎那微抿的双唇，微挑的嘴角，好像有话要跟你说。在那极富个性的嘴角和眼神里，悄然流露出恬静、淡雅的微笑。那微笑，有 时让人觉得舒畅温柔，有时让人觉得略含哀伤，有时让人觉得十分亲切，有时又让人觉得有几分矜持。蒙娜丽莎那“神秘的微笑”是那样耐人寻味，难以 捉摸。达·芬奇凭着他的天才想象力和他那神奇的画笔，使蒙娜丽莎转瞬即逝的面部表情，成了永恒的美的象征。
　　蒙娜丽莎的身姿和交搭的双臂使她显得大方、端庄。她的脸部、颈部和双手好像沐浴在阳光里，格外明亮动人；她的右手，刻画得极其清晰细腻，富有 生命的活力；她的朴素的茶褐色衣服更加衬托出特有的生命力。她身后的背景充满着幻觉般的神秘感，山峦、石桥、流水、树丛、小径，在朦胧中向远方蜿蜒隐去。 在这空旷而深远的背景里，蒙娜丽莎更加美丽动人。
　　“蒙娜丽莎”是全人类文化宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠，她的光辉照耀着每一个有幸看到她的人。我虽然在她面前只停留了短短的几分钟，她却在我的心底留下了永不磨灭的印象。她已经成了我灵魂的一部分。

（文摘1来自网络，作者不详，据介绍已编入中国的小学六年级语文课本）

网络文章2  卢浮宫官网对该作品的介绍：

Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo

This portrait was doubtless painted in Florence between 1503 and 1506. It is thought to be of Lisa Gherardini, wife of a Florentine cloth merchant named Francesco del Giocondo - hence the alternative title, La Gioconda. However, Leonardo seems to have taken the completed portrait to France rather than giving it to the person who commissioned it. It was eventually returned to Italy by Leonardo's student and heir Salai. It is not known how the painting came to be in François I's collection. Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco Giocondo The history of the Mona Lisa is shrouded in mystery. Among the aspects which remain unclear are the exact identity of the sitter, who commissioned the portrait, how long Leonardo worked on the painting, how long he kept it, and how it came to be in the French royal collection. The portrait may have been painted to mark one of two events - either when Francesco del Giocondo and his wife bought their own house in 1503, or when their second son, Andrea, was born in December 1502 after the death of a daughter in 1499. The delicate dark veil that covers Mona Lisa's hair is sometimes considered a mourning veil. In fact, such veils were commonly worn as a mark of virtue. Her clothing is unremarkable. Neither the yellow sleeves of her gown, nor her pleated gown, nor the scarf delicately draped round her shoulders are signs of aristocratic status. A new artistic formula The Mona Lisa is the earliest Italian portrait to focus so closely on the sitter in a half-length portrait. The painting is generous enough in its dimensions to include the arms and hands without them touching the frame. The portrait is painted to a realistic scale in the highly structured space where it has the fullness of volume of a sculpture in the round. The figure is shown in half-length, from the head to the waist, sitting in a chair whose arm is resting on balusters. She is resting her left arm on the arm of the chair, which is placed in front of a loggia, suggested by the parapet behind her and the two fragmentary columns framing the figure and forming a "window" looking out over the landscape. The perfection of this new artistic formula explains its immediate influence on Florentine and Lombard art of the early 16th century. Such aspects of the work as the three-quarter view of a figure against a landscape, the architectural setting, and the hands joined in the foreground were already extant in Flemish portraiture of the second half of the 15th century, particularly in the works of Hans Memling. However, the spacial coherence, the atmospheric illusionism, the monumentality, and the sheer equilibrium of the work were all new. In fact, these aspects were also new to Leonardo's work, as none of his earlier portraits display such controlled majesty. An emblematic smile The Mona Lisa's famous smile represents the sitter in the same way that the juniper branches represent Ginevra Benci and the ermine represents Cecilia Gallerani in their portraits, in Washington and Krakow respectively. It is a visual representation of the idea of happiness suggested by the word "gioconda" in Italian. Leonardo made this notion of happiness the central motif of the portrait: it is this notion which makes the work such an ideal. The nature of the landscape also plays a role. The middle distance, on the same level as the sitter's chest, is in warm colors. Men live in this space: there is a winding road and a bridge. This space represents the transition between the space of the sitter and the far distance, where the landscape becomes a wild and uninhabited space of rocks and water which stretches to the horizon, which Leonardo has cleverly drawn at the level of the sitter's eyes.     卢浮宫官网《蒙娜丽莎》中文介绍—— 《弗朗西斯科•戴尔•乔孔达之妻丽莎•盖拉尔迪尼肖像（蒙娜丽莎）》 （Portrait de Lisa Gherardini, épouse de Francesco del Giocondo）       法国国王弗朗索瓦一世（François I）于1518年获得此画，这幅达芬奇最著名的画作受到当时艺术家们的广泛好评；但直到20世纪《蒙娜丽莎》才真正出名，与其说这是由于它本身颇高的艺术 价值，还不如说是由于它离奇的经历，尤其是它1911年的失窃。      《蒙娜丽莎》可能看起来比较小，但实际上，它已经是当时最大的画像之一了。达芬奇的绘画技巧是绝妙的，甚至可以说是神奇的：他用透明淡色层的手法表现形状，擦晕轮廓线（意大利语称这种手法为“sfumato”，意为“烟熏”）并恰当地运用阴影和光线。      模特的身份引起各种离奇的猜想：甚至有人声称《蒙娜丽莎》其实是一个男人的画像。事实上，这幅1503至1507年间在佛罗伦萨创作的作品的主人公最有可 能是蒙娜（意为“女士”）丽莎•盖拉尔迪尼•戴尔•乔孔达（ Monna Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo）。这就是为什么在意大利语（la Gioconda）和法语（la Joconde）中，《蒙娜丽莎》也被称为《乔孔达》。这个词有双重含义，因为蒙娜丽莎神秘的微笑也象征了她丈夫的姓氏，因为“乔孔达”在意大利语中是 “快乐”的意思。