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Vol. 16list

1、The Political Game behind the fable of "The People Of Zheng Buys Shoes" and Zichan Publish the Law On A Tripod

From P1 to P9 By Guo Shuwei

2、The Interaction Between Zichan and Jizha and Sage Diplomacy of the Spring and Autumn Period

From P10 to P22 By Liu Yuye

3、A Brief Discussion on the Relationship Between “Rule of Law” and “Rule of Rite” Under the Moral-based Culture in Ancient China

From P23 to P45 By Mao Yaohui

4、The Doctrine and Art of Zi Chan and the Primitive Confucian Spirit

From P46 to P76 By Liu Zhiwei、Li Xiaobai

5、On Zichan's thought of governing the country with mercy

and strict

From P77 to P93 By Liu Wenxue

6、On the Confucian concept of gentleman in the Pre-Qin Period from the image of Zi Chan in Zuo Zhuan

From P94 to P107 By Zhang Jiandong

7、Study on educational ideas of Zi Chan

From P108 to P136 By Liu Zhiwei、Li Jiahui

8、The geography of The state of Zheng and Zi chan’ diplomacy

From P137 to P171 By Guo Yulei

9、Zi chan and Chinese virtue culture

From P172 to P193 By Zhang Lanjun

10、On the ceremony of Zi Chan governing Zheng

From P194 to P216 By Wang Wenbo

11、Analysis of Zichan's military thought and related problems

From P217 to P235 By Wang Zhanyang

12、The dissemination of the image of Zichan in Ming and Qing Dynasties was reviewed

From P236 to P257 By Zhang qinghe

13、The change of zi Chan's political role in the past two thousand years and the realistic significance of his return to the status of statesman

From P258 to P281 By Wang shucai、Xu xiaona

14、Literature foundation and shaping intention: the formation of Zichan image in Zuozhuan

From P282 to P293 By Gao SiLi

15、Study on the image of Zi Chan during the Song Dynasty

From P294 to P307 By Liang Zhiqian

16、A study on the "relics" related to Zi Chan of a noble from the Zheng State in the Spring and Autumn Period

From P308 to P332 By Zhang Xiangfeng

17、A Fair Assessment of A Critical Biography Of Zichan Written By Zhengketang

From P333 to P371 By Zhai Yujia

18、An overview of the research on the relationship between son and property in Japanese Sinology

From P372 to P395 By Liu Zheng

19、The Story of Zi Chan and the Academic and Political Studies in the Period of the Korean King

——Focusing on the pairing of feasts in Zuo Zhuan in ten years

From P396 to P417 By Ma Tiehao

20、Chronicles of Zichan

From P418 to P459 By Han Gaonian

21、A new exploration of Zi Chan’s life, rhetoric and thought

——Focusing on Tsinghua Bamboo Slips "Zi Chan", "Liang Chen", etc.

From P460 to P474 By Han Gaonian

Vol. 16Content Summary

1、From P1to P9

The fable of "The People of Zheng Buys Shoes" is a product of the developed commercial background of Zheng State in the warring state period, and it is also a product of Zheng State's domestic political game of "small country is compelling, big family favors many". The fable of "The People of Zheng Buys Shoes" implies that Zichan insists on respecting the law and taking back standards, restricting the old aristocratic ruler’s “provisional system without pre-determining the law”，which is a discourse background of advocating that the old aristocratic ruler’s Arbitrary sentencing without statute law.

2、From P10 to P22

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in response to the diplomatic dilemma of small countries being bullied and exploited by big countries, a new model of diplomacy—"Sage Diplomacy" emerged. Transnational exchanges of envoys with accomplishments of Liyue and Virtues of Junzi had the dual nature of personal communication and national diplomacy. Using rhetoric as means and developing ritual and music culture as the core，this type of diplomacy is exemplified by the contacts between Zichan of Zheng state and Jizha of Wu state，reflecting the diplomatic needs of Zheng and Wu. This article also focuses on the reasons for the intimate relationship between the two and Ji Zha's evaluation of Zheng state.

3、From P23to P45

With the development of the society, Chinese ancient scholars had extablished two different patterns of governing the nation: the “rule of law” and the “rule of rite”. “Zi chan coins Xing Ding” is a focus event of the transmutation of them, and there are many discussions about this event in the academia. From the records of the ancient documents, both <Zuo Zhuan> and “Tsinghua Bamboo Slips” have no details of what happened back then, however, throughout the development and transmutation of the ancient thoughts of governing nation, and according to the documents of related events, we can know that the real value of the event is that: On a macroscopic level, it shows that on the collapse of the administration mode of the “rule of rite”, the emergence of the idea of “rule of law” is a historical necessity, to which it is an effective supplement for the “rule of rite”; On a microscopic level, the occurrence of this event also reflects the ruling thought of Zi Chan, and his nation’s geographical advantages for the idea of “rule of law”. This event occurred during the alternation of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods of China, if taking the matching degree of ideological model and social development as the hitting point in this event, we may say that “Zi chan coins Xing Ding” is of reference value to the research on the idea of attaching equal importance to ritual and law in later generations of China.

4、From P46to P76

During the spring and autumn period, Zi Chan was the person who held the lofty ideal that saving the world and insisted the political courage that sacrificing for the country. he also innovated ideas, adapted himself to the changing circumstance and combined the theory with reality, so that the state of Zheng, which was small and narrow, could “be established in China simultaneously”. Put him in the history of Chinese culture and ideology, His thoughts of respecting the Zhou dynasty, pursuing the Shang dynasty, and valuing ritual and virtue have the meaning of the Meta-canon. His practical rationality has the basic connotation of the primitive Confucian spirit. His talent of "Bo Wu" and his concept of "Tian Ren" had a profound influence on later generations. And his idea of "Kuan Meng Xiang Ji" has become the source of the idea of "hegemonic ways mixed with Kingly ways" which has been upheld by Chinese rulers for thousands of years. Especially, he insisted on "courtesy" as the body, "art" as the concept, and then formed the "right to the present" and "save the time" urgent administrative prescription, praised by later generations. Therefore, he was shaped by later generations as a character with the characteristics of "Su Wang". Zi Chan, as it were, as well as China's "axial age" model of moral culture in the early stage of sages, his thought essence of Chinese traditional culture, carrying the important genes of Zhongyuan root culture. In terms of cultural psychology, he has provided important guidance and spiritual impetus for the new development of new order, new thought, culture and civilization of mankind, and also enlightened the civilization breakthrough of the "new axis Era".

5、From P77to P93

Zi Chan was a famous prime minister of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period.This paper mainly introduces the background of his thought of governing the country, Specific measures and significance.And look at his views in history and make an objective and fair evaluation of his governance.

6、From P94to P107

"Gentleman" is a personality image highly respected by Confucianism, which reposes the hope of Confucian scholars for the morality and integrity of scholars. As a Confucian classic, Zuo Zhuan narrated Zi Chan as an important figure, not only for the important status of Zi Chan and The Zheng State, but also has a deeper motivation, that is, Zi Chan and his actions fully explained the concept of gentleman advocated by Confucian scholars at that time. By examining the image of Zi Chan in Zuo Zhuan and connecting it with the specific connotation of "gentleman" in the Analects of Confucius, we can have a glimpse of the narrative logic behind Zuo Zhuan, and fully understand the concept of gentleman in Pre-Qin Confucianism.

7、From P108to P136

Zichan was a great man in the Spring and Autumn period. The number of Zichan's documents recorded in Zuozhuan ranked first in the book. From the literature records, he was an encyclopedic figure with both moral integrity and ability. His achievements were closely related to his education. The educational resources and successful experience of the previous generations provided Zichan with a model to be used for reference. The chaotic environment of rites and music expedition, the cultural tradition of the state of Zheng, and the Enlightenment of the sages in the Spring and Autumn period all brought him unique experience and thinking. Various factors interacted and influenced Zichan's educational idea. In the content of education, he not only took " having an extensive knowledge and a wide experience " as the training goal of talents, but also paid special attention to the etiquette and " culture and morality ". On the one hand, he adopted the method of " teaching its blind and weak points of knowledge " to make the persons to have an extensive knowledge and a wide experience; on the other hand, he advocated teaching by example. In addition, Zichan gave full play to the important role of language in education, making it with the color of "culture". From the practical effect, Zichan's educational idea not only directly affected the people who contacted with him, but also had a subtle influence on the development of Zheng State. Moreover, some of his educational ideas were absorbed by Confucius and indirectly affected the educational reform after Confucianism. Therefore, the educational idea of Zichan is worthy of our in-depth and systematic research.

8、From P137to P171

The state of Zheng was located in the wars of the Central Plains, the main battlefield for the struggle for hegemony between the North and the South. As Jin and Chu fought for hegemony over the Central Plains, they interacted with each other and often put The state of Zheng in danger. Diplomacy naturally became an important affair of the state of Zheng. The regional culture of The state of Zheng influenced the state of Zheng to formulate the diplomatic strategy of "wandering between Jin Dynasty and the Chu Dynasty" and "only being obedient to the strong", but this could not change the awkward diplomatic situation of the state of Zheng. During the reign of Zi Chan, the perilous pass of the state of Zheng had been lost, and the geographical situation remained unchanged. Zi chan keenly analyze diplomatic situation, however, with the help of environment of peace, balanceing Jin and Chu's foreign relations, forming the joint of Jin and Chu’ diplomatic strategy, relying on the work of rhetoric, winning the peace and stability of the external environment for Zheng.

9、From P172to P193

Zi chan, chancellor of Zheng state, was a product of morality, benevolence, loyalty and propriety. He inherited the legacy of Yao and Shun and is close to the tradition of Western Zhou Dynasty. He could be called the embodiment of Chinese virtue culture. The brilliance of virtue culture reflected by Zichan's administration had a profound influence on the formation of Confucius' virtue thought and played an important role in the inheritance of virtue culture in the later Warring States period.

10、From P194to P216

The ChunQiu Period is an era of major changes in Chinese history, the Zhou Royal Decline,falling of ceremony.As a ritual system to maintain the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, it is constantly undermining.But for the benefit of all nations, the princes need to use ceremony to maintain the order of governance.Zi Chan is the prime minister of Zheng Guo,Know the ceremony to serve the public, keep the ceremony to protect the body, and use rituals to stabilize the country.on the one hand,Zi chan observes etiquette,in order to maintain the ruling order;On the other hand, he used rites flexibly to make them better serve reality.Zi chan has his own understanding of courtesy,He has developed on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, making it serve the development of the country.This paper discusses Zichan's understanding and abiding by rites and how to treat Zheng with Li culture,We can have a glimpse of the ceremony of the first generation.We can also understand how the rites seek survival for these small countries in troubled times.

11、From P217to P235

In the spring and Autumn period, the military and political integration, "out for the general, into the phase.". As the ruling Minister of Zheng, Zichan's military ability was often ignored by later scholars. Facing the internal and external situation of "being forced by a small country and favored by a large family", Zichan Xiang Zheng aimed to stop the war, took propriety as the means, cultivated morality, weak martial arts, and made full use of his military ability to win a breathing opportunity for Zheng.

12、From P236to P257

As a politician, Zi Chan was deeply rooted in the minds of the people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is mainly divided into three levels: in the eight-part essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zi Chan appeared as a model of combining self-cultivation with governing the country; Scholars in The Ming and Qing dynasties mainly inherited their thoughts of generosity and vigor, focusing on the inheritance of the zi Chan thoughts of Yangming School, three thinkers in the early Qing Dynasty and Qian jia sinology. The literati of Ming and Qing dynasties praised Zi Chan's words and deeds in their poems and essays, and produced such apprecations as Lin Zexu's "live and die for the benefit of the country", which enhanced the character image of Zi Chan.

13、From P258to P281

This article from Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji to Zi chan political role difference and its reason, then the system is discussed in the Spring and Autumn warring states period of zi chan school political role positioning of talk, from the Xi Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty, the role of political officials as the evaluation and as a politician cast law book and strict political doctrine. Then analyzed from the Xi Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty, people judgments on as politicians Zi chan political performance, finally expounds the promoting Zi chan politicians achievement and governance theory in carrying forward the Chinese culture, the revitalization of the central plains culture of necessity and realistic significance.

14、From P282to P293

Zichan was a famous statesman in the state of Zheng in the spring and Autumn period. Zuozhuan is the core literature and original Canon of Zichan's image. Zuozhuan's preference for Zichan's image has far exceeded its influence on the historical situation of the spring and Autumn period as a political figure. After the fall of Zheng, the historiographers of the state of Lu obtained a large amount of historical materials of the state of Zheng, which is the documentary basis for shaping Zichan's image in Zuozhuan. The purpose of creating Zichan's image in Zuozhuan is to provide a mirror of political gains and losses for Lu state, which is also involved in the struggle for power and powerful countries. Finally, Zichan's image, which advocates the monarch's authority, national interests and pays equal attention to rites and punishments, is formed.

15、From P294to P307

Zi Chan was a famous prime minister of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period. After Zi Chan became the prime minister of the state of Zheng, the internal and foreign affairs of the state of Zheng were properly handled, and the state showed a strong trend of prosperity. Zi Chan's image has been out of the general good ministers, was placed in the hope of turning the tide of the revival of the minister. Confucius called it "the legacy of ancient love". In the Song Dynasty, Zi Chan was not forgotten because of its age. Instead, the literati of the Northern Song dynasty praised Zi Chan again and again, and even wrote down their stories for Zi Chan. Among these northern Song literati, Liu Guang, Wang Dang, Su Zhe and others also commented on zi Chan. Among them, The biography of The Child birth by Hu Yin is quite spectacular, which is full of words. It can be seen from the biography written by Hu Yin for Zi Chan that the memory of the northern Song literates not only admired the ancestors, but also hoped that there would be a rescuer like Zi Chan in The Times to save the Zhao and Song dynasties from fire and water.

16、From P308to P332

Zi Chan was a famous statesman, diplomat and thinker of the state of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn Period. During his lifetime, Zi Chan devoted himself to the state of Zheng, made great contributions to the country, and bestowed benefits on the people. After his death, Zi Chan was posthumously honored as "The legacy of ancient Love" by the sage Confucius. The best manifestation of this kind of love is in the attitude of later generations towards the "relics" related to Zi Chan. The study of the historical evolution of Zi Chan's tomb and temple can reflect the "historical memory" of Zi Chan from different perspectives from traditional scholars of Zuo Zhuan, and thus provide some useful enlightenment for the cultural construction of Zi Chan today.

17、From P333to P371

The article focuses on A Critical Biography Of Zichan Written By Zhengketang in the Republic of China. By examining the author’s identity and the background， the article restores the profound connotation of the "Critical Biography" under the social background of the Republic of China and the international situation. Combining the New unearthed Tsinghua bamboo slips，sorting out different evaluations of Zichan between scholars of all ages.，Especially Focusing on articles related to Zichan in the newspapers and magazines of the Republic of China, Comparing with Fangqiu Ren, Cezong Zhou's Critical Biography of Zichan and Book Review on Zheng's Critical Biography written by Shuge Jiang. Further more, discussing the far-reaching significance and enlightenment of the "Critical Biography" from the perspective of the overseas dissemination of Zichan story and the influence of Zichan on the development of China today. It is concluded that although the Critical Biography Of Zichan Written By Zhengketang has certain utilitarianism、omissions and mistakes due to the background of the times and the identity of the author, it is still a rare research data on Zichan of the Republic of China. It also has far-reaching influence and enlightenment of further researches on Zichan. The extraterritorial dissemination、country's governance and diplomatic strategy of Zichan also has certain reference significance for the development of China and the world under the new situation.

18、From P372to P395

This paper mainly introduces the study of him in Japanese Sinology. Zi Chan was a famous prime minister of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period. However, it has never been a hot topic in Japanese Sinology. This paper mainly combs Zichan in Japanese literary works, dictionaries and academic works. And selected 57 related works on the study of child production in Japanese Sinology since 1900 for readers' reference.

19、From P396to P417

The spread of the story of Zichan in the Korean Peninsula was mainly carried out through lectures on "Mencius" and "Zuo Zhuan". The Joseon Yeongjo has repeatedly compared himself or his neighbors to Zichan, and discussed the words and deeds of Zichan with Confucian officials in the feast, especially the "Zuochan" of the ten years of Yeongjo's ten years, which became an exploration of the story of Zichan and Yingzu. An important entrance to the relationship between academic and political in the period. In order to eliminate the scholastic friends, Yingzu implemented a policy of pacification, and the monarch was quite alienated from the scholars. The record in Mencius that Zichan was deceived by school people is also a portrayal of Yingzu's own mentality. North Korea’s tradition of feasting gave North Korean monarchs and ministers a chance to get to know Zichan through Zuo Zhuan. Song studies of Chun Qiu by the Joseon Dynasty, Zuo Zhuan did not obtain the status of Scriptures, and generally regarded it as a history book, and valued its articles. Reading Zuo Zhuan was mostly influenced by Sexual Neo-Confucianism, and placed special emphasis on practical application. The style of study in the Qing Dynasty was different. North Korea’s acceptance of the banquet neutron production story is precisely from the perspectives of sexual philosophical and economic perspectives of "Zuo Zhuan", showing the close relationship between academics and politics.

20、From P418to P459

Zichan, surnamed Gongsun，the name is Qiao.Zichan is his word, and the other word is Zimei,He is the grandson of Zheng Mugong, and his father is Zifa,the word is Ziguo.He is a famous statesman, thinker, and writer in the Chunqiu Period, and is known as "the first person in the Chunqiu Period"!Zichan was born in the middle of the Chunqiu Period. He is familiar with the story, is proficient in etiquette, has extensive knowledge, is skilled in rhetoric, profound in thought, old in literature, and when he is young, he participates in Zheng Guo's political affairs.Later, Shaozheng replaced Zipi to govern.During his administration, according to Zheng Guo's national conditions, he was determined to innovate:Internally tidy up the civil odes, complete the governance of the city, establish a slanderous government, cast penal documents, use deep usage, and strict governance; externally, it does not depend on the strong country, judges the situation and maintains itself by etiquette. All the empires and alliances are led by Zhou rituals. Practice flexible diplomacy.Therefore, although Zheng is still among the powerful nations, all countries have followed suit.His thoughts have an impact on pre-Qin scholars and later generations. When Zichan died, Confucius heard it and said, "The legacy of ancient love is also."

21、From P460to P474

Zichan is a well-known politician, thinker and writer in the "pre-zixue era". Although scholars have studied it in the past, there is still not enough. This article takes the Tsinghua bamboo slips "Zi Chan" and "Liang Chen" as the starting point to re-examine Zi Chan when he was born around 585 BC. He is proficient in the "six arts", familiar with the history of the princes and states in the Spring and Autumn Period, and has a good knowledge of governance. The technique was called an educated gentleman by the Jin people. In addition to being influenced by family studies, according to the new materials of Tsinghua Jianshe, the erudition of Zichan has a lot to do with his transfer to Yiduo teacher. Zi Chan has a deep understanding of "Articles to Manage the World" and is also good at writing articles and rhetoric in politics. When dealing with major domestic and foreign affairs, he left a number of articles, including the content and the magnificent and gorgeous "book" style and rhetoric, which was especially praised by Shu Xiang and others in Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. In addition, the Tsinghua simplified version of "Zi Chan" contained the rule of the first king and the three generations, which is mutually corroborated with the idea of concurrent use of the law of Zi Chan in Liezi·Yang Zhu. Confucius admired Zichan in particular, and his lifetime achievements were deeply influenced by Zichan. The details of these aspects can also be obtained from the publication of the simplified version of "Zi Chan".