联合国急迫呼吁：全球迈向无肉无奶饮食！  

Lesser consumption of animal products is necessary to save the world from the worst impacts of climate change, UN report says.
       联合国的报告表示，我们必需减少食用动物性产品，才能让世界免于遭受气候变迁的严重冲击。

An cattle ranch in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The UN says agriculture is on a par with fossil fuel consumption because both rise rapidly with increased economic growth. Photograph: HO/Reuters

       联合国表示，农牧业跟燃烧石化燃料的危害一样大，因为这两项的消耗都伴随着经济成长而快速增加。 

      A global shift towards a vegan diet is vital to save the world from hunger, fuel poverty and the worst impacts of climate change, a UN report said today. 

       根据联合国今天发表的报告: 为了拯救地球免于饥饿、家庭取暖燃料匮乏、及气候变迁所带来最严重的影响，全球改采纯素饮食( vegan)至关重要。

As the global population surges towards a predicted 9.1 billion people by 2050, western tastes for diets rich in meat and dairy products are unsustainable, says the report from United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) international panel of sustainable resource management.                                   

       联合国环境规划署(UNPE)永续资源管理跨国专家委员会发表报告：全球的人口预估将于2050年前成长为91亿，而嗜食大量肉类奶类的西方饮食，是无法让地球永续生存的饮食习惯。

It says: "Impacts from agriculture are expected to increase substantially due to population growth increasing consumption of animal products. Unlike fossil fuels, it is difficult to look for alternatives: people have to eat. A substantial reduction of impacts would only be possible with a substantial worldwide diet change, away from animal products."  

       这项报告表示： "人口增加带来越来越多的肉食消费，而农牧业对环境带来的冲击，预料将大幅地增加。与石化燃料不同的是，农牧业不容易有替代方案：人都得吃东西。所以，如果要减轻农牧业对环境带来的冲击，唯一可行的办法，只有靠全世界大规模的饮食改变，不吃动物产品。" 

Professor Edgar Hertwich, the lead author of the report, said: "Animal products cause more damage than [producing] construction minerals such as sand or cement, plastics or metals. Biomass and crops for animals are as damaging as [burning] fossil fuels."                                                                    

       埃德加.赫卫区教授是这份报告的主要作者，他表示：生产动物性产品对环境造成的伤害，比生产建筑材料，像砂子、水泥、塑料跟金属等都来的大。生产生质物还有谷物来喂养动物，跟燃烧石化燃料一样危害剧烈。

The recommendation follows advice last year that a vegetarian diet was better for the planet from Lord Nicholas Stern, former adviser to the Labour government on the economics of climate change. Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has also urged people to observe one meat-free day a week to curb carbon emissions.                                                                                                       

       联合国报告的这项建议，也呼应了去年史登爵士所提出的忠告，史登爵士是前英国工党的气候变迁经济顾问。他呼吁大家蔬食是对地球比较友善的饮食，联合国跨政府气候变迁小组的主席，帕卓理博士也大声疾呼，要实行一周一素来抑制排碳。 

The panel of experts ranked products, resources, economic activities and transport according to their environmental impacts. Agriculture was on a par with fossil fuel consumption because both rise rapidly with increased economicgrowth, they said.                                                                                 

       委员会的专家分别将产品、资源、经济活动、交通运输等对环境造成的冲击，排序其严重性，其中，农牧业跟燃烧石化燃料的危害一样大，因为这两项的消耗都伴随着经济成长而快速增加。
 

Ernst von Weizsaecker, an environmental scientist who co-chaired the panel, said: "Rising affluence is triggering a shift in diets towards meat and dairy products - livestock now consumes much of the world's crops and by inference a great deal of freshwater, fertilisers and pesticides."                           

       委员会的另一位主席，也是环境科学家的魏茨泽克说：越来越富裕的生活诱使人类吃更多的肉、乳制品。豢养的家畜消耗了世界大部分的谷物粮食、淡水资源，也用了大量的化学肥料、以及杀虫剂。

Both energy and agriculture need to be "decoupled" from economic growth because environmental impacts rise roughly 80% with a doubling of income, the report found.     

       经济成长必须 "扣除" 能源以及农业部门，因为在国民所得加倍的同时，这两种产业造成的环境冲击也会上升约80%。

Achim Steiner, the UN under-secretary general and executive director of the UNEP, said: "Decoupling growth from environmental degradation is the number one challenge facing governments in a world of rising numbers of people, rising incomes, rising consumption demands and the persistent challenge of poverty alleviation." 

       联合国副秘书长，同时也是联合国环境规划署执行长的Achim Steiner说 "世界人口不断增加、所得不断提高、资源消耗越来越大，我们还得持续努力消弭贫穷。在这种世界局势之下，各国政府的最大挑战，就是得将经济成长扣除环境破坏所带来的成本。"

The panel, which drew on numerous studies including the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, cites the following pressures on the environment as priorities for governments around the world: climate change, habitat change, wasteful use of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilisers, over-exploitation of fisheries, forests and other resources, invasive species, unsafe drinking water and sanitation, lead exposure, urban air pollution and occupational exposure to particulate matter. 

       委员会也引用了包括千禧年生态系统评估 (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) 在内的各种报告，列举以下各项环境议题，供各国政府施政的优先重点：气候变迁、栖地变迁、肥料里过度添加氮磷元素、渔业滥捕、林业以及其它资源的过度开采、物种入侵、不安全的饮水及卫生问题、铅暴露、城市空气污染、职业场所污染。

      Agriculture, particularly meat and dairy products, accounts for 70% of global freshwater consumption, 38% of the total land use and 19% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, says the report, which has been launched to coincide with UN World Environment day on Saturday. 

       报告指出，农业生产，特别是肉类及乳制品，消耗全世界70%的淡水资源、38％的土地资源、排放全球19％的温室气体。这项报告于礼拜六，在联合国世界环境日同时发表。 

      Last year the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation said that food production would have to increase globally by 70% by 2050 to feed the world's surging population. The panel says that efficiency gains in agriculture will be overwhelmed by the expected population growth.                                              

       去年联合国粮农组织(FAO)预估，为了喂养不断增加的世界人口，全球粮食生产必须在2050年之前提高70%。委员会还表示，农业生产效率的提升，完全不足以应付预期的人口成长。

      Prof Hertwich, who is also the director of the industrial ecology programme at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, said that developing countries – where much of this population growth will take place – must not follow the western world's pattern of increasing consumption: "Developing countries should not follow our model. But it's up to us to develop the technologies in, say, renewable energy or irrigation methods." 

       任职于挪威科学与科技大学、主持工业生态研究所的Hertwich教授表示，大部分的人口成长将集中于开发中国家，他们不能再跟随西方国家的发展模式，不断增加消费。他还说：他们不应再跟随我们的模式，而我们得发展新的科技，例如再生能源、或是新的灌溉方法。

新闻出处 : http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/02/un-report-meat-free-diet

Wednesday 2 June 2010 18.09 BST